FlexBooks+(CK12.ORG)

=FlexBooks (CK12.ORG)=

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Earth Science NHS FlexBook (Older Version)
This book is the same as Earth Science Concepts on 2012Dec26.

Introduction to Earth Science

 * [|Scientific Explanations and Interpretations]
 * [|Scientific Method]
 * [|Development of Hypotheses]
 * [|Testing Hypotheses]
 * [|Correlation and Causation]
 * [|Observations and Experiments]
 * [|Development of Theories]
 * [|Evolution, Plate Tectonics, and Climate Change]
 * [|Scientific Community]
 * [|Scientific Models]
 * [|Branches of Earth Science]
 * [|Field Trips]
 * [|Principle of Uniformitarianism]
 * [|Location and Direction]
 * [|Location on the Earth]
 * [|Direction on the Earth]
 * [|Elevation on the Earth]
 * [|Maps]
 * [|Map Projections]
 * [|Topographic and Geologic Maps]
 * [|Seafloor]
 * [|Telescopes]
 * [|Satellites, Shuttles, and Space Stations]
 * [|Study of Space by the Electromagnetic Spectrum]

Earth Materials

 * [|Atoms to Molecules]
 * [|Chemical Bonding]
 * [|Minerals]
 * [|Mineral Groups]
 * [|Mineral Identification]
 * [|Mineral Formation]
 * [|Rocks and Rock Types]
 * [|Igneous Rocks]
 * [|Intrusive and Extrusive Igneous Rocks]
 * [|Igneous Rock Classification]
 * [|Sedimentary Rocks]
 * [|Lithification of Sedimentary Rocks]
 * [|Sedimentary Rock Classification]
 * [|Metamorphic Rocks]
 * [|Metamorphic Rock Classification]
 * [|Rocks]
 * [|Rocks and Processes of the Rock Cycle]
 * [|Introduction to Energy Resources]
 * [|Obtaining Energy Resources]
 * [|Energy Conservation]
 * [|Renewable vs Non-Renewable Energy Resources]
 * [|Energy Use]
 * [|Non-Renewable Energy Resources]
 * [|Fossil Fuel Formation]
 * [|Coal Power]
 * [|Petroleum Power]
 * [|Natural Gas Power]
 * [|Fossil Fuel Reserves]
 * [|Nuclear Power]
 * [|Renewable Energy Resources]
 * [|Solar Power]
 * [|Hydroelectric Power]
 * [|Wind Power]
 * [|Geothermal Power]
 * [|Energy from Biomass]
 * [|Natural Resources (non-energy)]
 * [|Materials Humans Use]
 * [|Finding and Mining Ores]
 * [|Availability of Natural Resources]
 * [|Natural Resource Conservation]
 * [|Ore Deposits]
 * [|Mining Ores]
 * [|Extracting Ores]
 * [|Renewable Versus Non-Renewable Resources]
 * [|Conserving Natural Resources]
 * [|Ocean Resources]

Earth as a Planet

 * [|Earth's Shape]
 * [|Earth's Magnetic Field]
 * [|Revolutions of Earth]
 * [|Rotation of Earth]
 * [|Coriolis Effect]
 * [|Seasons]
 * [|Eclipses]
 * [|Solar Eclipses]
 * [|Lunar Eclipses]
 * [|Lunar Phases]
 * [|Earth's Interior]
 * [|Seismic Waves]
 * [|Earth's Interior Material]
 * [|Earth's Layers]
 * [|Earth's Crust]
 * [|Earth's Mantle]
 * [|Earth's Core]
 * [|Lithosphere and Asthenosphere]
 * [|Earth's Outer Layers]
 * [|Earth's Inner Layers]
 * [|Continental Drift]
 * [|Wegener and the Continental Drift Hypothesis]
 * [|Magnetic Polarity Evidence for Continental Drift]
 * [|Bathymetric Evidence for Seafloor Spreading]
 * [|Magnetic Evidence for Seafloor Spreading]
 * [|Seafloor Spreading Hypothesis]
 * [|Plate Tectonics through Earth History]
 * [|Theory of Plate Tectonics]
 * [|Earth's Tectonic Plates]
 * [|Tectonic Plate Motions]
 * [|Plate Boundary Interactions]
 * [|Divergent Plate Boundaries in the Oceans]
 * [|Divergent Plate Boundaries]
 * [|Transform Plate Boundaries]
 * [|Ocean-Continent Convergent Plate Boundaries]
 * [|Ocean-Ocean Convergent Plate Boundaries]
 * [|Continent-Continent Convergent Plate Boundaries]
 * [|Continental Margins]
 * [|Supercontinent Cycle]
 * [|Intraplate Activity]
 * [|Geological Stresses]
 * [|Principle of Horizontality]
 * [|Folds]
 * [|Faults]
 * [|Mountain Building]
 * [|Earthquake Characteristics]
 * [|Earthquake Zones]
 * [|Earthquakes at Transform Plate Boundaries]
 * [|Earthquakes at Convergent Plate Boundaries]
 * [|Intraplate Earthquakes]
 * [|Seismic Waves from Earthquakes]
 * [|Tsunami]
 * [|21st Century Tsunami]
 * [|Measuring Earthquake Magnitude]
 * [|Locating Earthquake Epicenters]
 * [|Scales that Represent Earthquake Magnitude]
 * [|Predicting Earthquakes]
 * [|Earthquake Damage]
 * [|Earthquake Safe Structures]
 * [|Staying Safe in an Earthquake]
 * [|Volcano Characteristics]
 * [|Volcanoes at Plate Boundaries]
 * [|Volcanoes at Hotspots]
 * [|Magma Composition at Volcanoes]
 * [|Explosive Eruptions]
 * [|Effusive Eruptions]
 * [|Predicting Volcanic Eruptions]
 * [|Types of Volcanoes]
 * [|Supervolcanoes]
 * [|Volcanic Landforms]
 * [|Hot Springs and Geysers]

Earth's Surface Processes

 * [|Weathering and Erosion]
 * [|Mechanical Weathering]
 * [|Chemical Weathering]
 * [|Influences on Weathering]
 * [|Soil Characteristics]
 * [|Soil Formation]
 * [|Soil Horizons and Profiles]
 * [|Types of Soils]
 * [|Soil Erosion]
 * [|Avoiding Soil Loss]
 * [|Soil Pollution]
 * [|Hazardous Waste]
 * [|Impacts of Hazardous Waste]
 * [|Preventing Hazardous Waste Problems]
 * [|Environmental Impacts of Mining]
 * [|Erosion and Deposition]
 * [|Landforms from Stream Erosion and Deposition]
 * [|Landforms from Groundwater Erosion and Deposition]
 * [|Erosion by Streams]
 * [|Deposition by Streams]
 * [|Erosion by Groundwater]
 * [|Deposition by Groundwater]
 * [|Landforms from Wave Erosion and Deposition]
 * [|Erosion by Waves]
 * [|Deposition by Waves]
 * [|Protecting Shorelines]
 * [|Landforms from Wind Erosion and Deposition]
 * [|Erosion by Wind]
 * [|Deposition by Wind]
 * [|Landforms from Glacial Erosion and Deposition]
 * [|Erosion by Glaciers]
 * [|Deposition by Glaciers]
 * [|Landforms from Erosion and Deposition by Gravity]

Water on Earth

 * [|Distribution of Water on Earth]
 * [|States of Water]
 * [|Processes of the Water Cycle]
 * [|Water Distribution]
 * [|Uses of Water]
 * [|Safety of Water]
 * [|Water Pollution]
 * [|Protecting Water From Pollution]
 * [|Conserving Water]
 * [|Glaciers]
 * [|Streams and Rivers]
 * [|Ponds and Lakes]
 * [|Wetlands]
 * [|Flooding]
 * [|Introduction to Groundwater]
 * [|Groundwater Aquifers]
 * [|Springs and Geysers]
 * [|Groundwater Depletion]
 * [|Groundwater Pollution]
 * [|Cleaning Up Groundwater]
 * [|Ocean Zones]
 * [|Importance of the Oceans]
 * [|Seawater Chemistry]
 * [|Wind Waves]
 * [|Tides]
 * [|Surface Ocean Currents]
 * [|How Ocean Currents Moderate Climate]
 * [|Deep Ocean Currents]
 * [|Coastal Pollution]
 * [|Ocean Garbage Patch]
 * [|Oil Spills]

Atmosphere, Weather, and Climate

 * [|Importance of the Atmosphere]
 * [|Troposphere]
 * [|Stratosphere]
 * [|Mesosphere]
 * [|Thermosphere and Beyond]
 * [|Composition of the Atmosphere]
 * [|Pressure and Density of the Atmosphere]
 * [|Temperature of the Atmosphere]
 * [|Electromagnetic Energy in the Atmosphere]
 * [|Temperature and Heat in the Atmosphere]
 * [|Solar Energy on Earth]
 * [|Solar Energy and Latitude]
 * [|Heat Transfer in the Atmosphere]
 * [|Heat Budget of Planet Earth]
 * [|Greenhouse Effect]
 * [|Circulation in the Atmosphere]
 * [|Local Winds]
 * [|Global Wind Belts]
 * [|Air Quality]
 * [|Types of Air Pollution]
 * [|Mercury Pollution]
 * [|Acid Rain]
 * [|Causes Of Air Pollution]
 * [|Effects of Air Pollution on the Environment]
 * [|Effects of Air Pollution on Human Health]
 * [|Ozone Depletion]
 * [|Reducing Air Pollution]
 * [|Reducing Ozone Destruction]
 * [|Heat Waves and Droughts]
 * [|Weather versus Climate]
 * [|Clouds]
 * [|Precipitation]
 * [|Introduction to Weather]
 * [|Humidity]
 * [|Fog]
 * [|Air Masses]
 * [|Weather Fronts]
 * [|Thunderstorms]
 * [|Tornadoes]
 * [|Mid-Latitude Cyclones]
 * [|Hurricanes]
 * [|Blizzards]
 * [|Collecting Weather Data]
 * [|Predicting Weather]
 * [|Weather Maps]
 * [|Effect of Latitude on Climate]
 * [|Effect of Atmospheric Circulation on Climate]
 * [|Effect of Continental Position on Climate]
 * [|Effect of Altitude and Mountains on Climate]
 * [|Climate Zones and Biomes]
 * [|Tropical Moist Climates]
 * [|Dry Climates]
 * [|Moist Subtropical Mid-latitude Climates]
 * [|Temperate Climates]
 * [|Continental Climates]
 * [|Polar Climates]
 * [|Reducing Greenhouse Gas Pollution]
 * [|Climate Change in Earth History]
 * [|Short-Term Climate Change]
 * [|Long-Term Climate Change]
 * [|Global Warming]
 * [|Causes and Effects of Global Warming]
 * [|Impact of Continued Global Warming]
 * [|Carbon Cycle and Climate]

Earth History

 * [|How Fossilization Creates Fossils]
 * [|Types of Fossilization]
 * [|Earth History and Clues from Fossils]
 * [|Principles of Relative Dating]
 * [|Determining Relative Ages]
 * [|Correlation Using Relative Ages]
 * [|Geologic Time Scale]
 * [|Tree Rings, Ice Cores, and Varves]
 * [|Radioactive Decay as a Measure of Age]
 * [|Radiometric Dating]
 * [|Age of Earth]
 * [|Formation of the Sun and Planets]
 * [|Formation of Earth]
 * [|Formation of the Moon]
 * [|Early Atmosphere and Oceans]
 * [|Precambrian Continents]
 * [|Precambrian Plate Tectonics]
 * [|Characteristics and Origins of Life]
 * [|Metabolism and Replication]
 * [|Evolution of Simple Cells]
 * [|Evolution of Eukaryotes to Multicellular Life]
 * [|Life of the Phanerozoic Eon]
 * [|History of Paleozoic Life]
 * [|Paleozoic Plate Tectonics]
 * [|Paleozoic and Mesozoic Seas]
 * [|History of Mesozoic Life]
 * [|Mesozoic Plate Tectonics]
 * [|History of Cenozoic Life]
 * [|Human Evolution]
 * [|Modern Biodiversity]
 * [|Cenozoic Plate Tectonics]
 * [|Life and the Geologic Time Scale]

Life on Earth

 * [|Biological Communities]
 * [|Roles in an Ecosystem]
 * [|Flow of Energy in Ecosystems]
 * [|Flow of Matter in Ecosystems]
 * [|Nitrogen Cycle in Ecosystems]
 * [|Fresh Water Ecosystems]
 * [|Ocean Ecosystems]
 * [|Types of Marine Organisms]
 * [|Marine Food Chains]
 * [|Adaptation and Evolution of Populations]
 * [|Population Size]
 * [|Extinction and Radiation of Life]
 * [|Growth of Human Populations]
 * [|Revolutions in Human Population Growth]
 * [|Future Human Population Growth]
 * [|Agriculture and Human Population Growth]
 * [|Overpopulation and Over-Consumption]
 * [|Sustainable Development]

Earth in Space

 * [|Moon]
 * [|Sun]
 * [|Interior of the Sun]
 * [|Surface Features of the Sun]
 * [|Outer Layers of the Sun]
 * [|Gravity in the Solar System]
 * [|Inner versus Outer Planets]
 * [|History of Astronomy]
 * [|Planets of the Solar System]
 * [|Planet Orbits in the Solar System]
 * [|Mercury]
 * [|Venus]
 * [|Mars]
 * [|Jupiter]
 * [|Saturn]
 * [|Uranus]
 * [|Neptune]
 * [|Exoplanets]
 * [|Asteroids]
 * [|Comets]
 * [|Meteors]
 * [|Dwarf Planets]
 * [|Star Constellations]
 * [|Star Power]
 * [|Star Classification]
 * [|Life Cycles of Stars]
 * [|Distance Between Stars]
 * [|Galaxies]
 * [|Milky Way]
 * [|Universe]
 * [|Expansion of the Universe]
 * [|Big Bang]
 * [|Dark Matter]
 * [|Star Formation]
 * [|Main Sequence Star Lives]
 * [|Red Giants and White Dwarfs]
 * [|Supergiants and Supernovas]
 * [|Neutron Stars and Black Holes]
 * [|Star Clusters]